Usage
This ophthalmic solution is primarily prescribed for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. It provides relief from symptoms such as dryness, burning, irritation, and discomfort by lubricating the ocular surface. It may also be used to alleviate symptoms associated with other minor eye irritations or to support overall eye health. While some sources suggest potential benefits for cataracts based on the antioxidant properties of n-acetylcarnosine, more research is needed to confirm this specific use. It belongs to the pharmacological class of eye lubricants or artificial tears.
The mechanism of action involves the synergistic effects of its components: carboxymethylcellulose and glycerol act as lubricants, mimicking natural tears; n-acetylcarnosine functions as an antioxidant, potentially offering protection from oxidative damage; and boric acid acts as a buffer, helping maintain the solution’s pH.
Alternate Names
There isn’t a universally recognized alternate name for this specific combination. However, it may be referred to generally as “lubricant eye drops” or “artificial tears.” Brand names under which similar formulations are marketed include Aquanac, Oxytears, Oxycool, and Brite.
How It Works
Pharmacodynamics: Carboxymethylcellulose and glycerol lubricate the ocular surface, providing a soothing and moisturizing effect. N-acetylcarnosine acts as an antioxidant, protecting ocular tissues from oxidative stress. Boric acid helps maintain the physiological pH of the solution.
Pharmacokinetics: The primary action of this combination is topical. Systemic absorption is minimal following ophthalmic administration.
Mode of Action: Carboxymethylcellulose and glycerol increase the viscosity of the tear film, improving its stability and reducing tear evaporation. N-acetylcarnosine scavenges free radicals, reducing oxidative damage to ocular tissues. Boric acid maintains a stable pH environment that is compatible with the eye.
Receptor Binding, Enzyme Inhibition, or Neurotransmitter Modulation: This combination does not have any known direct effects on receptors, enzymes, or neurotransmitters in the eye.
Elimination Pathways: Due to minimal systemic absorption, the components are primarily eliminated through tear drainage.
Dosage
Standard Dosage
Adults: The typical dosage is 1-2 drops instilled into the affected eye(s) four times daily, or as directed by the physician.
Children: Use in children should be under the supervision of a pediatrician or ophthalmologist. The dosage may be adjusted based on the child’s age and the severity of symptoms.
Special Cases:
- Elderly Patients: No specific dose adjustments are typically required.
- Patients with Renal Impairment: No specific dose adjustments are needed for topical ophthalmic use.
- Patients with Hepatic Dysfunction: No specific dose adjustments are needed for topical ophthalmic use.
- Patients with Comorbid Conditions: Patients with conditions like diabetes or cardiovascular disease should be monitored, as carnosine may have potential effects on blood sugar and blood pressure, although this is more relevant to systemic administration.
Clinical Use Cases
The use in settings like intubation, surgical procedures, mechanical ventilation, ICU use, or emergency situations is generally for ocular lubrication and protection, as needed. Dosage should be determined by the physician based on individual patient needs.
Dosage Adjustments
Dosage adjustments are generally made based on the severity of dry eye symptoms and individual patient response.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects:
- Temporary blurred vision
- Mild burning or stinging sensation
- Eye irritation or redness
Rare but Serious Side Effects:
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
- Worsening of existing eye irritation or injury
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
- Eye pain or change in vision (requires immediate medical attention)
Long-Term Effects:
No specific long-term effects have been reported with topical ophthalmic use.
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to any of the components.
- Active eye infections.
- Recent eye surgeries or injuries.
Drug Interactions
Clinically significant drug interactions with this ophthalmic solution are not well-documented. However, it’s advisable to inform the physician about all other medications being used, including other eye drops, to avoid potential interactions.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
The safety of this specific combination during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been extensively studied. It’s recommended to consult with a physician before using these eye drops if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Drug Profile Summary
- Mechanism of Action: Lubrication, moisturization, antioxidant protection, pH buffering.
- Side Effects: Temporary blurred vision, burning/stinging, eye irritation, rare allergic reactions.
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, active eye infections, recent eye surgeries/injuries.
- Drug Interactions: Limited data available; consult physician about concomitant medications.
- Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Consult physician before use.
- Dosage: 1-2 drops four times daily, or as directed.
- Monitoring Parameters: Observe for allergic reactions, worsening eye irritation, changes in vision.
Popular Combinations
This specific combination is itself considered a common formulation.
Precautions
- General Precautions: Pre-screening for allergies and existing eye conditions.
- Specific Populations: Consult a physician before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Use in children should be supervised by a healthcare professional.
- Lifestyle Considerations: Avoid touching the dropper tip to prevent contamination. Discard the solution if it becomes cloudy or changes color. If using contact lenses, remove them before instilling the drops unless advised otherwise.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1: What is the recommended dosage for Boric Acid + Carboxymethylcellulose + Glycerol + n-acetylcarnosine eye drops?
A: The usual recommended dosage is 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) four times a day. However, the dosage can be adjusted by a physician depending on individual needs and the severity of dry eye symptoms.
A: It’s generally recommended to remove contact lenses before using these eye drops, unless your ophthalmologist advises otherwise.
Q3: How long can I use this eye drop solution once the bottle is opened?
A: To minimize the risk of contamination, it is typically recommended to discard the bottle within four weeks of opening.
Q4: What should I do if I experience blurry vision after using the drops?
A: Temporary blurred vision is a common side effect. Avoid driving or operating machinery until your vision clears. If blurring persists or worsens, consult your doctor.
Q5: Are there any known drug interactions with this eye drop combination?
A: Specific drug interactions are not well-documented. However, inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including other eye drops, to rule out any potential interactions.
Q6: Can pregnant or breastfeeding women use these eye drops?
A: The safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been extensively studied. Consult a physician before use.
Q7: Can this eye drop combination cure cataracts?
A: While n-acetylcarnosine has antioxidant properties and some studies suggest potential benefits for cataracts, this combination is primarily used for dry eye relief. More research is needed to establish its efficacy in treating cataracts.
Q8: What should I do if I accidentally get the eye drops in my mouth or nose?
A: Rinse thoroughly with water. If any irritation or discomfort persists, seek medical advice.
Q9: Can children use these eye drops?
A: Use in children should be under the supervision of a pediatrician or ophthalmologist, who can determine the appropriate dosage and monitor for any adverse effects.
