Usage
This combination medication is primarily prescribed for bacterial infections of the eye and ear.
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Pharmacological Classification:
- Fluoroquinolone antibiotic (Ofloxacin)
- Ophthalmic lubricant (Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose)
- Preservative (Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate)
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Mechanism of Action: Ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication and repair. This action leads to bacterial cell death. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acts as a lubricant, providing relief from dryness and discomfort. Phenylmercuric nitrate acts as a preservative to prevent contamination of the solution. Sodium phosphate acts as a buffering agent and helps maintain the pH and stability of the formulation.
Alternate Names
How It Works
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Pharmacodynamics: Ofloxacin’s bactericidal effect results from inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose lubricates and moisturizes the affected area. Phenylmercuric nitrate exerts its preservative action through disrupting microbial cell membranes.
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Pharmacokinetics: Ofloxacin, when administered topically as eye/ear drops, is absorbed systemically to a small extent. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and is primarily excreted through the kidneys. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, used as a viscosity-increasing agent, is not systemically absorbed in significant amounts. Phenylmercuric nitrate and sodium phosphate are also minimally absorbed.
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Elimination: Ofloxacin is primarily eliminated renally.
Dosage
Standard Dosage
Adults: Instill 1-2 drops in the affected eye/ear every 2-4 hours, or as directed by the physician.
Children: Dosage should be determined by a physician based on the child’s age and weight.
Special Cases: Dosage adjustments may be necessary for elderly patients, those with renal or hepatic impairment, and individuals with comorbid conditions. Consult a physician for specific recommendations.
Clinical Use Cases
The dosage for clinical use cases like intubation, surgical procedures, mechanical ventilation, ICU use, and emergency situations should be determined by the attending physician based on the patient’s specific needs.
Dosage Adjustments
Dose modifications may be needed based on patient-specific factors, including renal/hepatic dysfunction, metabolic disorders, or genetic polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism. Consultation with a physician is crucial for appropriate adjustments.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects:
- Eye/Ear irritation
- Discomfort
- Transient blurred vision
- Burning sensation
Rare but Serious Side Effects:
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Long-Term Effects:
- Potential for secondary infections with prolonged use.
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR):
- Severe allergic reactions
- Corneal perforation (rare)
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to any of the components, especially Ofloxacin, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate.
- Viral or fungal infections of the eye/ear.
Drug Interactions
- Although no significant drug interactions have been established with topical Ofloxacin, inform your physician about all other medications being used, including other eye/ear drops, to assess potential interactions.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- Consult a physician before using this medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Ofloxacin’s safety during pregnancy has not been fully established, and its presence in breast milk is unknown. Exercise caution and consider potential risks to the fetus or nursing infant.
Drug Profile Summary
- Mechanism of Action: Ofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, leading to bacterial cell death. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose lubricates.
- Side Effects: Eye/ear irritation, discomfort, transient blurred vision, rarely allergic reactions or Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to components, viral/fungal infections.
- Drug Interactions: Limited data available; consult a physician regarding concomitant medications.
- Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Consult a physician; safety not fully established.
- Dosage: 1-2 drops in affected eye/ear every 2-4 hours; adjust for children and special cases.
- Monitoring Parameters: Monitor for signs of allergic reactions, worsening infection, or unusual ocular/aural symptoms.
Popular Combinations
No specific information on popular combinations is available. The components in this medication are commonly found in similar ophthalmic/otic preparations, often with other antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents.
Precautions
- General Precautions: Evaluate for allergies and pre-existing eye/ear conditions before use.
- Pregnant Women: Consult a physician; weigh benefits against potential fetal risks.
- Breastfeeding Mothers: Consult a physician; consider the potential for infant exposure through breast milk.
- Children & Elderly: Adjust dosage based on age and physiological status.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1: What is the recommended dosage for Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose + Ofloxacin + Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate + Sodium Phosphate?
A: The standard dosage for adults is 1-2 drops in the affected eye/ear every 2-4 hours. Pediatric dosage should be determined by a physician based on age and weight.
Q2: Can I use this medication if I’m allergic to other antibiotics?
A: Inform your physician about any antibiotic allergies you have. A hypersensitivity reaction to Ofloxacin is possible.
A: It’s generally recommended to avoid wearing contact lenses during treatment with this medication.
Q4: What should I do if my symptoms don’t improve?
A: If your symptoms don’t improve within a few days, or if they worsen, consult your physician. You might need a different treatment approach.
Q5: Can I use this medication if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?
A: Consult your physician before using this medication during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Q6: Are there any serious side effects I should be aware of?
A: Although rare, serious side effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and severe allergic reactions are possible. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe skin reactions, breathing difficulties, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
Q7: Can I use this medication if I have a viral or fungal eye infection?
A: No, this medication is specifically for bacterial infections. Using it for viral or fungal infections will not be effective and could potentially worsen the condition. Consult with your doctor for appropriate treatment.
Q8: How should I store this medication?
A: Store this medication at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and excessive heat. Always keep the bottle tightly closed to prevent contamination.
Q9: Can I share this medication with others?
A: No, never share your prescribed medications with others, even if they have similar symptoms. This could lead to inappropriate treatment and potential harm.
