Usage
Liquid Paraffin + White Soft Paraffin is primarily used as a topical emollient for the symptomatic relief of dry skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and xerosis. It is also used as an ocular lubricant for dry eye conditions and recurrent corneal epithelial erosion. Orally, liquid paraffin is used as a laxative for constipation. It is not classified as an antibiotic, analgesic, or sedative, but as an emollient and laxative.
Its mechanism of action involves creating a protective barrier on the skin or eye surface to prevent water loss, thereby moisturizing and softening the affected area. When taken orally, liquid paraffin lubricates and softens fecal matter, facilitating bowel movements.
Alternate Names
This combination doesn’t have a specific international nonproprietary name (INN). It is often referred to simply as liquid paraffin and white soft paraffin or a combination of both. Brand names may vary depending on the region and formulation. Some examples include Oilatum, E45, and Diprobase.
How It Works
Pharmacodynamics:
Topically, Liquid Paraffin and White Soft Paraffin work by forming an occlusive layer on the skin, which reduces transepidermal water loss and helps restore skin hydration. In the eye, they lubricate the surface, relieving dryness and irritation. Orally, liquid paraffin lubricates fecal matter, easing passage through the intestines.
Pharmacokinetics:
Topically, there is minimal systemic absorption of either ingredient. Orally administered liquid paraffin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is eliminated unchanged in the feces. The small amount that may be absorbed is metabolized by the liver and excreted in bile.
Mode of Action/Receptor Binding/Enzyme Inhibition:
The primary mechanism of action is physical, creating a barrier to water loss. There is no receptor binding, enzyme inhibition, or neurotransmitter modulation involved in their therapeutic effect.
Elimination Pathways:
Topically, minimal elimination occurs since the medication isn’t significantly absorbed. Orally administered liquid paraffin is primarily eliminated unchanged in the feces, with a small amount metabolized by the liver and excreted in bile.
Dosage
Standard Dosage
Adults: Topical: Apply a thin layer to the affected area as needed, typically two to four times a day, or as directed by a physician. Oral: 10-30 ml daily in divided doses.
Children: Topical: Apply a thin layer to the affected area as needed. Oral: 0.5-1ml/kg/day for ages 3-12. 10-30ml daily for ages 12-18 years. Pediatric safety: Use with caution in children younger than 3 years for topical preparations and follow doctor’s instructions for oral use.
Special Cases:
- Elderly Patients: No specific dosage adjustments are typically required but use with caution in patients with swallowing difficulties.
- Patients with Renal Impairment: No specific dose adjustments are typically necessary for topical use. Oral use needs a doctor’s evaluation.
- Patients with Hepatic Dysfunction: No specific dose adjustments are typically necessary for topical use. For oral use, dose adjustments may be necessary.
- Patients with Comorbid Conditions: Consider underlying conditions, especially for oral use.
Clinical Use Cases
For this combination, dosage in specific medical settings is not generally applicable, as its primary use is for topical application in dry skin conditions. Liquid paraffin is sometimes given orally before procedures to clear the bowel. The dosage should be determined by the specific clinical context.
Dosage Adjustments
Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual patient response and the severity of the dry skin condition. For oral use, individual tolerance and underlying conditions should be taken into account.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
Topical: Mild skin irritation, redness, itching, burning sensation, or allergic reactions. Oral: Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea.
Rare but Serious Side Effects
Topical: Severe allergic reactions. Oral: Lipoid pneumonia (from aspiration), malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins with prolonged use.
Long-Term Effects
Topical: No significant long-term effects are typically associated with topical use. Oral: Prolonged use can lead to dependence and vitamin deficiencies.
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)
Topical: Severe skin reactions. Oral: Lipoid pneumonia, severe allergic reactions.
Contraindications
Topical: Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin or white soft paraffin, application on infected or broken skin. Oral: Intestinal obstruction, bowel perforation, fecal impaction, hypersensitivity.
Drug Interactions
Topical: May interact with other topical medications applied to the same area. Oral: May impair the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and some oral medications.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Topical: Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oral: Consult a doctor before use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Drug Profile Summary
- Mechanism of Action: Topical: Forms a barrier on the skin or eye surface to prevent water loss. Oral: Lubricates and softens fecal matter.
- Side Effects: Topical: Skin irritation, allergic reactions. Oral: Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, lipoid pneumonia.
- Contraindications: Topical: Hypersensitivity, infected skin. Oral: Bowel obstruction, hypersensitivity.
- Drug Interactions: Topical: Other topical medications. Oral: Fat-soluble vitamins, some medications.
- Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Topical: Generally safe. Oral: Consult a physician.
- Dosage: Topical: Apply as needed. Oral: As per the prescribed dose.
- Monitoring Parameters: Monitor for treatment efficacy and adverse reactions.
Popular Combinations
This combination itself is commonly used. It may also be combined with other emollients or topical medications depending on the specific skin condition.
Precautions
- General Precautions: Assess skin integrity and any history of allergies before use. Avoid contact with eyes for topical preparations meant for skin.
- Specific Populations: Caution advised in those with swallowing difficulties for oral usage.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1: What is the recommended dosage for Liquid Paraffin + White Soft Paraffin?
A: Topical: Apply a thin layer to affected area as needed. Oral: As per recommended guidelines.
Q2: Can this combination be used on broken skin?
A: No, avoid applying on broken or infected skin.
Q3: What are the common side effects of this combination?
A: Topical: Skin irritation, allergic reaction. Oral: Gastrointestinal issues.
Q4: Can pregnant or breastfeeding women use this combination?
A: Topical use is generally considered safe. For oral use, consult a doctor.
Q5: How does Liquid Paraffin + White Soft Paraffin work for dry skin?
A: It forms a barrier on the skin to prevent water loss and moisturize.
Q6: Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
A: Topical use may interact with other topical medications. Oral use can interact with fat-soluble vitamins and other oral medications.
Q7: Can I use this combination long-term?
A: Topical use is usually safe for long-term use. Prolonged oral use should be avoided due to the risk of dependence and vitamin deficiencies.
Q8: What should I do if I experience side effects?
A: Discontinue use and consult your doctor.
Q9: How should I store this medication?
A: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat.
