Usage
This combination is primarily prescribed as a supplement for photoprotection, skin health and to reduce melasma or hyperpigmentation. Tranexamic acid can reduce bleeding in various conditions. It does not represent a single, approved drug but a combination of ingredients with potential synergistic effects.
- Polypodium leucotomos extract: Photoprotection, Antioxidant, Reduction of UV-induced skin damage, Melasma.
- Proanthocyanidin: Antioxidant, capillary strengthening, potential benefits for cardiovascular health.
- Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic, reduction of bleeding in menorrhagia, epistaxis, and other bleeding disorders.
It’s important to note that this combination isn’t a recognized pharmacological class in itself but comprises ingredients belonging to different categories like antioxidants, antifibrinolytics, and photoprotectants.
Alternate Names
- Polypodium leucotomos extract: Anapsos®, Fernblock®
- Proanthocyanidin: Procyanidin, Condensed tannins, Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPCs)
- Tranexamic Acid: Cyklokapron®, Lysteda®
How It Works
Polypodium leucotomos extract: Exhibits antioxidant and photoprotective properties by scavenging free radicals, reducing UV-induced inflammation and DNA damage. Precise mechanisms are still under investigation.
Proanthocyanidin: Acts as potent antioxidants. May also contribute to vascular health by strengthening capillaries. Precise mechanisms are still being researched.
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic agent that inhibits plasminogen activation, thus preventing the breakdown of fibrin clots. This action reduces bleeding.
Elimination pathways for each component:
- Polypodium leucotomos extract: Primarily hepatic metabolism and renal excretion.
- Proanthocyanidin: Metabolism and excretion not fully elucidated, possibly involving both renal and hepatic routes.
- Tranexamic Acid: Primarily renal excretion with minimal metabolism.
Dosage
The dosage information presented here is for general guidance only and may not be applicable to all patients. Always consult with a qualified medical professional for personalized dosing recommendations.
Standard Dosage
Adults:
- Polypodium leucotomos extract: 240-480 mg orally per day.
- Proanthocyanidin: 50-200 mg orally per day.
- Tranexamic Acid: Dependent on indication, typically 1000-1500 mg orally two to three times daily.
Children:
Not recommended for children without specific medical guidance. Dosage must be adjusted by a doctor considering weight, age, and specific condition.
Special Cases:
- Elderly Patients, Patients with Renal Impairment, Patients with Hepatic Dysfunction, Patients with Comorbid Conditions: Dose adjustments should be considered. Close monitoring is essential. Professional medical advice is mandatory.
Clinical Use Cases
The combination itself is not typically utilized in clinical settings like Intubation, Surgical Procedures, Mechanical Ventilation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Use, or Emergency Situations. Tranexamic acid is used in surgical and emergency situations where bleeding control is necessary.
Dosage Adjustments
Dose modifications are necessary for patients with renal or hepatic impairment, metabolic disorders, or relevant genetic polymorphisms.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
- Polypodium leucotomos extract: Generally well-tolerated.
- Proanthocyanidin: Generally well-tolerated. Gastrointestinal upset is possible.
- Tranexamic Acid: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness.
Rare but Serious Side Effects
- Tranexamic Acid: Allergic reactions, thromboembolic events (rare).
Long-Term Effects
- Tranexamic Acid: Potential for thromboembolic complications with prolonged high doses.
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)
- Tranexamic Acid: Angioedema, anaphylaxis (rare).
Contraindications
- Tranexamic Acid: Active thromboembolic disease, history of seizures, hypersensitivity.
Drug Interactions
- Tranexamic Acid: May interact with hormonal contraceptives, thrombogenic drugs.
- Proanthocyanidin: Potential interactions with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Use with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Consult with a doctor before use.
Drug Profile Summary
Please refer to the respective sections above for detailed information.
Popular Combinations
Not applicable as this combination is not standard practice.
Precautions
Refer to the individual components for specific precautions.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
A: No standard combined dosage exists. Dosages should be determined individually based on the specific component and the patient’s needs.
Q2: What are the primary uses of this combination?
A: Primarily used as a supplement for photoprotection, improved skin health and to reduce melasma or hyperpigmentation. Tranexamic acid is used to control bleeding.
Q3: Is this combination safe during pregnancy?
A: Consult with a healthcare professional. Tranexamic acid may be acceptable under specific circumstances while Polypodium leucotomos extract and Proanthocyanidin lack sufficient safety data.
Q4: What are the potential side effects of this combination?
A: Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness. Consult the detailed side effects section.
Q5: Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
A: Tranexamic acid may interact with hormonal contraceptives and thrombogenic drugs. Proanthocyanidin may interact with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
Q6: Can this combination be used in children?
A: Not recommended for children without specific medical guidance from a pediatrician or specialist.
Q7: Is there a specific brand name for this combination?
A: This combination is not available as a single, FDA-approved product. Individual components may have brand names.
Q8: How should this combination be administered?
A: Each ingredient is typically administered orally. Consult with a healthcare professional for precise instructions.
Q9: What are the contraindications for this combination?
A: Tranexamic acid is contraindicated in individuals with active thromboembolic disease, history of seizures, and hypersensitivity.
