Gynaecological Products
Overview
Medical Information
Dosage Information
Side Effects
Safety Information
Reference Information
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the recommended dosage for Misoprostol?
Dosage varies greatly depending on the indication and route of administration. Consult updated guidelines from organizations like FIGO and WHO.
What are the common side effects of Misoprostol?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, chills.
When is Misoprostol contraindicated?
Hypersensitivity to prostaglandins, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, ectopic pregnancy (for labor induction or abortion), pregnancy intended to be carried to term.
How does Misoprostol work to induce labor?
It binds to prostaglandin E1 receptors, causing uterine contractions and cervical ripening.
Can Misoprostol be used to treat postpartum hemorrhage?
Yes, it can be used to contract the uterus and reduce bleeding after childbirth.
What is the role of Misoprostol in medical abortion?
It's used in combination with mifepristone or alone where mifepristone is not available, to cause uterine contractions and expulsion of the pregnancy tissue.
How is Misoprostol administered?
Orally, vaginally, or sublingually, depending on the indication.
What precautions should be taken when administering Misoprostol?
Careful attention to dosage based on indication and gestational age, monitoring for side effects, and ensuring appropriate patient selection (excluding contraindications). ## Norethisterone (Primolut N) ## Usage * Dysfunctional uterine bleeding * Endometriosis * Premenstrual syndrome * Postponement of menstruation * Primary and secondary amenorrhea **Pharmacological classification:** Progestogen **Mechanism of Action:** Norethisterone transforms proliferative endometrium into secretory endometrium. It inhibits the secretion of gonadotropins, thereby suppressing ovulation in some cases. ## Alternate Names Norethindrone, Primolut N ## How It Works **Pharmacodynamics:** Norethisterone binds to progesterone receptors in the uterus, inducing secretory changes in the endometrium. It can also have systemic effects, suppressing gonadotropin release. **Pharmacokinetics:** * **Absorption:** Well absorbed orally. * **Metabolism:** Hepatic metabolism, via CYP enzymes. * **Elimination:** Renal and biliary excretion. ## Dosage
Standard Dosage
Adults: Dosage varies depending on indication. For dysfunctional uterine bleeding, one 5mg tablet three times daily for 10 days is often used. To postpone menstruation, one 5mg tablet two to three times daily for no longer than 10-14 days, starting 3 days before expected menstruation. For amenorrhea, treatment begins with one 5mg tablet twice daily, increasing to two tablets twice daily if spotting occurs.
Dosage varies depending on indication. For dysfunctional uterine bleeding, one 5mg tablet three times daily for 10 days is often used. To postpone menstruation, one 5mg tablet two to three times daily for no longer than 10-14 days, starting 3 days before expected menstruation. For amenorrhea, treatment begins with one 5mg tablet twice daily, increasing to two tablets twice daily if spotting occurs.
Children: Not typically used in children.
Not typically used in children.
Special Cases: Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. ## Side Effects
Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. ## Side Effects
Common Side Effects Breast tenderness, headache, nausea, fluid retention, changes in mood, weight changes.
Breast tenderness, headache, nausea, fluid retention, changes in mood, weight changes.
Rare but Serious Side Effects Thromboembolic events, allergic reactions. ## Contraindications Pregnancy, breast cancer, severe liver disease, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding. ## Drug Interactions Enzyme-inducing drugs like rifampicin, phenytoin can reduce the efficacy of Norethisterone. ## Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Contraindicated in pregnancy. Should be used with caution during breastfeeding. ## Drug Profile Summary See above sections. ## Popular Combinations Often used alone. ## Precautions Monitor for signs of thromboembolic events. Use with caution in patients with a history of depression. ## FAQs
Thromboembolic events, allergic reactions. ## Contraindications Pregnancy, breast cancer, severe liver disease, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding. ## Drug Interactions Enzyme-inducing drugs like rifampicin, phenytoin can reduce the efficacy of Norethisterone. ## Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Contraindicated in pregnancy. Should be used with caution during breastfeeding. ## Drug Profile Summary See above sections. ## Popular Combinations Often used alone. ## Precautions Monitor for signs of thromboembolic events. Use with caution in patients with a history of depression. ## FAQs
How does Norethisterone work to stop bleeding?
It transforms the endometrium into a secretory phase, thus stabilizing the uterine lining.
Can Norethisterone be used for contraception?
While it can suppress ovulation in some instances, it is not reliable enough to be used as a sole contraceptive. Additional non-hormonal methods are recommended.
What are the risks of using Norethisterone during pregnancy?
It is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential hormonal effects on the fetus.
How long can I take Norethisterone to postpone my period?
It should not be taken for longer than 10-14 days to postpone menstruation.
What are the common side effects of Norethisterone?
Breast tenderness, headache, nausea, fluid retention, changes in mood, weight changes.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Norethisterone?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time of your next dose. Do not double the dose.
Can Norethisterone interact with other medications?
Yes, interactions can occur with enzyme-inducing drugs.
What precautions should I take while using Norethisterone?
Monitor for signs of thromboembolic events and use with caution in patients with a history of depression. Avoid smoking and prolonged use. Consult your doctor for advice.