Usage
Tribasic calcium phosphate is primarily used to prevent or treat hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) in individuals who don’t get enough calcium from their diet. It’s also prescribed for conditions caused by low calcium levels, such as:
- Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by decreased bone mineral density, increasing the risk of fractures.
- Osteomalacia/Rickets: Softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone pain and muscle weakness.
- Hypoparathyroidism: Decreased activity of the parathyroid gland, resulting in low calcium levels.
- Latent Tetany: A muscle disease characterized by muscle spasms and cramps due to low calcium.
It’s also given to ensure adequate calcium intake in specific populations like pregnant or nursing women, postmenopausal women, and individuals taking certain medications (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital, prednisone).
Pharmacological Classification: Mineral Supplement, Calcium Supplement
Mechanism of Action: Tribasic calcium phosphate provides a source of elemental calcium, which is essential for various physiological processes. It works by directly supplementing calcium levels in the body, thereby supporting normal nerve, cell, muscle, and bone function. It helps to strengthen bones and prevent bone loss.
Alternate Names
- Tricalcium phosphate
- Bone phosphate of lime
- Calcium phosphate
How It Works
Pharmacodynamics: Calcium is crucial for numerous bodily functions, including:
- Bone Formation and Maintenance: Calcium is a primary component of bone tissue, contributing to its strength and structure.
- Nerve and Muscle Function: Calcium plays a critical role in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
- Blood Clotting: Calcium is essential for the coagulation cascade, facilitating blood clot formation.
- Cellular Signaling: Calcium acts as a secondary messenger in various intracellular signaling pathways.
Pharmacokinetics:
- Absorption: Calcium absorption from tribasic calcium phosphate occurs primarily in the small intestine and is influenced by factors like vitamin D levels, stomach acidity, and the presence of other nutrients.
- Metabolism: Calcium is not metabolized in the traditional sense. It’s absorbed, distributed, and either utilized by the body or excreted.
- Elimination: Calcium is primarily excreted through the kidneys in urine. Some calcium is also lost in feces and sweat.
Dosage
Standard Dosage
Adults:
- The recommended adult dosage ranges from 800 to 1200 mg of elemental calcium per day, although higher doses (up to 1600mg) might be used for specific conditions. Doses greater than 600 mg should be divided and taken throughout the day for optimal absorption. It is also important to remember not to consume over 500mg per dose due to limited absorption.
Children:
- Dosages vary significantly based on age, ranging from 200 mg/day for infants to 1300 mg/day for adolescents.
Special Cases:
- Elderly Patients: Similar to adults, with adjustments as needed based on renal function and dietary intake.
- Patients with Renal Impairment: Dose reduction or avoidance may be necessary due to reduced calcium excretion.
- Patients with Hepatic Dysfunction: Generally, no specific dosage adjustments are needed.
- Patients with Comorbid Conditions: Dose adjustments might be required for certain conditions.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects:
- Constipation
- Upset Stomach
- Gas
- Bloating
Rare but Serious Side Effects:
- Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels): Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, confusion, increased thirst and urination.
- Kidney Stones
Contraindications
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney stones
- Severe kidney disease
- Hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels)
Drug Interactions
- Digoxin: Calcium can reduce digoxin absorption.
- Cellulose Sodium Phosphate: May decrease calcium absorption.
- Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate): Calcium can reduce bisphosphonate absorption.
- Tetracycline Antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, minocycline): Calcium can decrease tetracycline absorption.
- Estramustine: Calcium may interfere with estramustine absorption.
- Levothyroxine: Calcium can interfere with levothyroxine absorption.
- Quinolone Antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin): Calcium can interfere with quinolone absorption.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when taken within recommended dosages. However, excessive calcium intake should be avoided.
Drug Profile Summary
- Mechanism of Action: Supplements calcium levels, supporting normal bone, nerve, muscle, and cellular function.
- Side Effects: Constipation, upset stomach, gas, bloating. Rarely, hypercalcemia and kidney stones.
- Contraindications: Hypercalcemia, kidney stones, severe kidney disease, hypophosphatemia.
- Drug Interactions: Several drug interactions; consult a drug interaction database.
- Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Generally safe within recommended dosages.
- Dosage: Varies based on age and medical condition; typically 800-1200 mg/day for adults.
FAQs
Q1: What is the recommended dosage for Tribasic Calcium Phosphate?
A: Dosage varies depending on age and specific medical conditions. Adult doses typically range from 800-1200 mg of elemental calcium per day, divided into multiple doses. Consult dosing guidelines for specific populations (children, pregnant women, etc.)
Q2: What are the common side effects of Tribasic Calcium Phosphate?
A: Common side effects include constipation, gas, bloating, and upset stomach.
Q3: Are there any serious side effects to be aware of with Tribasic Calcium Phosphate?
A: Yes, rare but serious side effects include hypercalcemia and the development of kidney stones.
Q4: Who should not take Tribasic Calcium Phosphate?
A: Individuals with hypercalcemia, kidney stones, severe kidney disease, or hypophosphatemia should not take Tribasic Calcium Phosphate.
Q5: Can I take Tribasic Calcium Phosphate if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?
A: It’s generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding within recommended dosages. Consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Q6: How does Tribasic Calcium Phosphate interact with other medications?
A: Tribasic Calcium Phosphate can interact with various medications, including certain antibiotics, digoxin, and levothyroxine. Consult a healthcare professional for detailed information on potential interactions.
Q7: What should I do if I miss a dose of Tribasic Calcium Phosphate?
A: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses.
Q8: What is the best way to take Tribasic Calcium Phosphate?
A: For better absorption, divide doses greater than 600mg and spread throughout the day. Taking Tribasic Calcium Phosphate with food is recommended to improve absorption and minimize potential gastrointestinal upset.
Q9: How should Tribasic Calcium Phosphate be stored?
A: Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
