Usage
- White mineral oil is primarily used as a lubricant laxative for the treatment of occasional constipation. It can also be used to soften earwax.
- Pharmacological classification: Laxative, emollient.
- Mechanism of action: White mineral oil works by lubricating the stool and the intestinal lining, making it easier for stool to pass. It slows down the absorption of water from the stool, keeping it softer. It is not absorbed systemically.
Alternate Names
- Liquid paraffin
- Liquid petrolatum
- Paraffin oil
- White oil
How It Works
- Pharmacodynamics: White mineral oil acts locally in the gut lumen. It softens stool and facilitates passage through the colon. It has no significant systemic effects when used orally at recommended doses. Rectal use may stimulate bowel movement.
- Pharmacokinetics: White mineral oil is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is eliminated unchanged in the feces. A tiny amount may be absorbed if aspirated into the lungs.
- Mode of action: Acts as a lubricant within the intestine. Not absorbed into the body.
- Receptor binding, enzyme inhibition, or neurotransmitter modulation: None.
- Elimination pathways: Primarily excreted unchanged in the feces. Inhaled mineral oil can lead to lipid pneumonia.
Dosage
Standard Dosage
Adults:
- 15-45 mL orally per day, either as a single dose or divided doses. Do not use for longer than one week except under a physician’s supervision.
Children:
- Children 6 to 11 years: 10-30 ml per day orally. Do not exceed 30 ml per day or use for longer than one week.
- Children 2 to 5 years: Rectal use only; half of a usual rectal enema, for no longer than one week. Oral use not established in this age group.
- Children under 2 years: Not recommended.
Special Cases:
- Elderly Patients: Start with the lower end of the dosing range and adjust as needed.
- Patients with Renal Impairment: No dose adjustment necessary as it is not systemically absorbed.
- Patients with Hepatic Dysfunction: No dose adjustment necessary.
- Patients with Comorbid Conditions: Use with caution in patients with swallowing difficulties due to the risk of aspiration.
Clinical Use Cases
- White mineral oil is not typically used in clinical settings like intubation, surgical procedures, mechanical ventilation, ICU, or emergency situations. Its primary use is for the relief of occasional constipation.
Dosage Adjustments
- Dosage adjustments are primarily based on age and response to therapy. No adjustments are needed for liver and kidney dysfunction.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
- Abdominal cramping
- Bloating
- Nausea
- Anal leakage
Rare but Serious Side Effects
- Lipid pneumonia (from aspiration)
- Vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, K) with prolonged use
Long-Term Effects
- Dependence on laxatives with chronic use.
- Vitamin malabsorption with prolonged use.
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)
- Allergic reactions (rare)
Contraindications
- Appendicitis
- Fecal impaction
- Intestinal obstruction
- Difficulty swallowing
- Children under 2 years old
Drug Interactions
- May impair absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), oral contraceptives and other medications with chronic use.
- Stool softeners such as docusate sodium may be used concurrently.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- Limited data available. Generally considered safe for occasional use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Consult a physician before use.
Drug Profile Summary
- Mechanism of Action: Lubricates intestinal tract and softens stool.
- Side Effects: Abdominal cramping, bloating, nausea, anal leakage, rare risk of lipid pneumonia.
- Contraindications: Appendicitis, fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, swallowing difficulty.
- Drug Interactions: May decrease absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and certain medications.
- Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Consult a physician before use.
- Dosage: Adults: 15-45 ml/day orally. Children: See dosage section.
- Monitoring Parameters: Monitor bowel movements and any signs of adverse effects.
Popular Combinations
- Often used alone. Can be combined with a stool softener like docusate sodium.
Precautions
- General Precautions: Do not use for prolonged periods without consulting a doctor. Not for use in patients with swallowing difficulties.
- Specific Populations: See dosage adjustments.
- Lifestyle Considerations: Adequate fluid intake is recommended.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1: What is the recommended dosage for White mineral oil?
A: See dosage section above.
Q2: How long does it take for White mineral oil to work?
A: Usually produces a bowel movement within 6-8 hours.
Q3: Can White mineral oil be used long-term?
A: No, prolonged use can interfere with vitamin absorption and lead to laxative dependence.
Q4: Is White mineral oil safe for children?
A: Not recommended for children under two. Older children should use a smaller dose. See dosage section above.
Q5: Can White mineral oil be used during pregnancy?
A: Consult with a physician. Occasional use is generally considered safe but best to use other options.
Q6: What are the signs of an allergic reaction to White mineral oil?
A: Rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing. Seek medical attention immediately if these occur.
Q7: Can I take other medications with White mineral oil?
A: White mineral oil can interfere with absorption of some medications. It is important to inform your doctor of all medications you are taking.
Q8: What should I do if I miss a dose?
A: Skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose.
Q9: What happens in case of an overdose of White mineral oil?
A: Severe cramping, diarrhea and dehydration. Seek medical attention.
